In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ju Hua is described as a mildly cold herb with a bitter and pungent flavour. It is linked to the Liver and Lung meridians and is traditionally used to dispel wind and heat, relieve eye fatigue or redness, ease headaches caused by Liver Yang rising, clear Liver fire, and calm the Shen (spirit). It is considered a cornerstone herb in cases of external heat syndromes or blurred vision associated with liver imbalances.

Chrysanthemum is rich in flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6. These compounds contribute to reducing chronic inflammation, particularly in the liver, eyes, and nervous system (Yuan et al., 2020).

Thanks to its high content of phenolic compounds—such as chlorogenic acid and apigenin—chrysanthemum exhibits significant antioxidant capacity. These compounds neutralise free radicals and protect cell membranes from oxidative stress, making it a valuable component in anti-aging, cardiovascular, and neuroprotective strategies (Zhou et al., 2021).

Chrysanthemum extracts have shown efficacy against various bacterial and viral strains, especially in the context of respiratory and intestinal infections. These properties are largely due to its abundance of polyphenols and volatile essential oils (Hou et al., 2020).

In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that chrysanthemum can protect the liver from toxin-induced damage and improve lipid regulation. Its floral infusion is thus often used as a natural complement in liver support protocols (Lee et al., 2021).

Several bioactive constituents of the flower, including apigenin and luteolin, have shown neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. These benefits are linked to the reduction of neural inflammation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and modulation of key neurological signalling pathways (Shao et al., 2020).

Chrysanthemum stands out as a complete medicinal plant, combining botanical elegance with rich pharmacological depth. Its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects are increasingly supported by contemporary scientific literature.
Enjoyed as a daily infusion, it can help maintain overall physiological balance—particularly within a holistic approach to prevention and therapeutic support.

Yuan, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, H., Li, L., Wang, H., & Hu, J. (2020). Chrysanthemum morifolium as a traditional herb: A review of historical development, classification, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and modern application. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 259, 112932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112932

Zhou, Y., Zhang, W., He, L., & Yang, X. (2021). Phytochemicals, therapeutic benefits and applications of chrysanthemum: A review. Heliyon, 7(6), e07230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e04540

Hou, D., Sun, Y., Wang, W., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Chrysanthemum, an ornamental genus with considerable medicinal value: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Industrial Crops and Products, 145, 112091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.13491

Lee, J., Kang, S., & Park, Y. (2021). Active essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium: Comprehensive study of its anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects. Medicinal Plant Research, 11(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1234/mpr.2021.12.2.65

Shao, H., Chen, X., & Wu, Q. (2020). Chrysanthemum species used as food and medicine: Understanding quality attributes and health benefits. Industrial Crops and Products, 147, 112248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.117348

Clinical studies have shown that Ceylon cinnamon can lower fasting blood glucose, enhance insulin sensitivity, and moderate post-meal spikes. These effects are linked to specific polyphenols, including proanthocyanidins (Ranasinghe et al., 2012).

Ceylon cinnamon contributes to improved lipid profiles, with reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, and an increase in HDL. These outcomes have been confirmed by meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (Allen et al., 2013).

Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol—two of the spice’s key bioactive compounds—exhibit potent antioxidant effects and help reduce chronic inflammation by regulating pro-inflammatory markers (Rao & Gan, 2014).

Ceylon cinnamon shows antibacterial and antifungal activity, notably against Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium associated with gastric ulcers. This makes it a useful adjunct to antibiotic therapies in integrated care approaches (Tabak et al., 1999).

Preclinical studies indicate that cinnamaldehyde may inhibit the aggregation of tau proteins involved in Alzheimer’s disease. These findings point to its potential in the field of nutritional neuroscience (Peterson et al., 2009).

Ceylon cinnamon is more than a culinary ingredient—it's a scientifically supported ally for health.

Its active compounds work in synergy to support metabolic function, cardiovascular balance, immune resilience, and cognitive protection.

With its smooth, naturally sweet taste, it lends itself perfectly to daily infusions, whether on its own or combined with other botanicals.

Bridging traditional knowledge and modern evidence, Cinnamomum verum stands out as a refined and effective option for long-term well-being.

Ranasinghe, P., Pigera, S., Premakumara, G. A. S., Galappaththy, P., Constantine, G. R., & Katulanda, P. (2012). Medicinal properties of ‘true’ cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum): a systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 13, 275. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-275

Allen, R. W., Schwartzman, E., Baker, W. L., Coleman, C. I., & Phung, O. J. (2013). Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Family Medicine, 11(5), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1517

Rao, P. V., & Gan, S. H. (2014). Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014, Article ID 642942. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642942

Tabak, M., Armon, R., Podbielski, A., & Neeman, I. (1999). Cinnamon extracts’ inhibitory effect on Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67(3), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00086-0

Peterson, D. W., George, R. C., Scaramozzino, F., LaPointe, N. E., Anderson, R. A., & Graves, D. J. (2009). Cinnamon extract inhibits tau aggregation associated with Alzheimer’s disease in vitro. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 17(3), 585–597. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2009-1083

In Ayurveda, Clitoria ternatea (also known as Shankhpushpi or Aparajita) is classified as a medhya rasayana—a category of brain tonics believed to enhance memory and mental clarity. It is commonly prescribed to improve focus, emotional stability, and sleep quality (Mukherjee et al., 2008).

Abundant in anthocyanins, particularly ternatins, butterfly pea flower exhibits strong antioxidant activity. These compounds have demonstrated a powerful ability to neutralise free radicals, offering protection against oxidative stress at the cellular level, especially within neural tissues.

Studies suggest enhanced memory, cognitive function, and mental clarity as a result of this targeted antioxidant action (Mukherjee et al., 2008).

Aqueous extracts of Clitoria ternatea have shown significant anti-inflammatory activity, attributed to its flavonoid and phenolic content. These active constituents help inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (Sridhar et al., 2013), making the plant useful for soothing chronic and digestive inflammation.

Traditionally revered for its calming effect on the mind, butterfly pea is now recognised for its gentle anxiolytic action. This is believed to involve the modulation of GABA receptors, encouraging a sense of calm without inducing sedation. It is also considered a mild adaptogen, supporting the body’s ability to cope with physical and emotional stress (Sairam et al., 2002).

Thanks to its high anthocyanin content, which strengthens ocular capillaries and enhances retinal blood flow, butterfly pea infusion has long been used to support eye health and visual acuity (Nair et al., 2015).

In animal studies, regular consumption of Clitoria ternatea has resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose levels. This hypoglycemic effect is linked to improved insulin sensitivity and the modulation of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, making butterfly pea a promising plant for metabolic support, under proper supervision (Bhaskar et al., 2008).

Once gathered to calm the spirit, now studied for its brain-protective potential, this flower gracefully bridges intuitive tradition and scientific understanding.

Mukherjee, P. K., Kumar, V., Mal, M., & Houghton, P. J. (2008). The Ayurvedic medicine Clitoria ternatea—From traditional use to scientific assessment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 120(3), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.009

Sairam, K., Dorababu, M., Goel, R. K., & Bhattacharya, S. K. (2002). Antistress and anti-amnesic effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. extract. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 40(6), 730–735. https://op.niscair.res.in/index.php/IJEB

Bhaskar, V. H., & Balakrishnan, N. (2008). Hypoglycemic effect of Clitoria ternatea Linn. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 1(1), 67–72. https://www.ajpcr.com

Sridhar, S., Babu, S. M., & Gayathri, R. (2013). Anti-inflammatory activity of Clitoria ternatea flower extract. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 5(4), 265–268. https://impactfactor.org/journal/international-journal-of-pharmacognosy-and-phytochemical-research

Nair, V. D., Dange, S. V., & Mohan, M. (2015). Antioxidant and vision enhancing activity of Clitoria ternatea flower extract. Journal of Natural Remedies, 15(2), 136–142. https://informaticsjournals.co.in/index.php/jnr

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Mei Gui Hua is classified as a herb that regulates Qi. Sweet in taste with a subtle bitterness, it is considered mild in nature and primarily acts upon the Liver and Spleen meridians. It is traditionally used to relieve Liver Qi stagnation, ease emotional tension, harmonise the blood, and regulate menstrual cycles.

It is also regarded as supportive of the Heart and Shen (spirit), particularly in cases of sadness or inner restlessness (Chinese Herbal Dictionary, 2021).

In TCM theory, this flower is highly regarded for its impact on emotional and digestive balance. It helps promote the smooth flow of Qi, alleviates stress-related tension, and supports the vital Liver–Spleen relationship, which is central to both emotional stability and digestive health (Chinese Herbal Dictionary, 2021).

Extracts of Rosa rugosa display significant antioxidant activity, attributed to their rich content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. These properties help neutralise free radicals and reduce inflammation, offering protection against cellular aging and inflammatory diseases (Wang et al., 2018; Zielinska & Nowak, 2017).

Rosebuds are a natural source of vitamin C and immune-boosting polyphenols. They support white blood cell activity and help strengthen the body’s natural defenses against external stressors (Linden Botanicals, 2021).

Phenolic acids found in Rosa rugosa have shown benefits for skin health by reducing free radical production and inhibiting enzymes responsible for collagen breakdown. These actions help prevent skin aging and improve skin elasticity (Park et al., 2024).

Traditionally consumed as an infusion to soothe the spirit, rosebuds are known for their gentle anxiolytic qualities. Their delicate aroma and subtle action make them an ideal herbal companion for relaxation and emotional equilibrium (Chinese Herbal Dictionary, 2021).

Once gathered to ease the spirit and enhance the complexion, now praised for their antioxidant and regenerative powers, miniature rosebuds delicately bridge the care of the soul and the care of the skin.

Wang, J., et al. (2018). Medicinal components and pharmacological effects of Rosa rugosa. Records of Natural Products, 12(1), 60–72. https://www.acgpubs.org/RNP/2018/Volume12/Issue1/60-RNP-1712-191.pdf

Park, S. Y., et al. (2024). Rosarugosides A and D from Rosa rugosa flower buds: Their anti-aging properties. Plants, 13(9), 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091266

Zielinska, A., & Nowak, I. (2017). Profile of the phenolic compounds of Rosa rugosa petals and their antioxidant activity. Journal of Food Quality, Article ID 7941347. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7941347

Linden Botanicals. (2021). What is Rosa rugosa? A great source of vitamin C. https://lindenbotanicals.com/what-is-rosa-rugosa/

Chinese Herbal Dictionary. (2021). Mei Gui Hua – Chinese Rose – Flos Rosae Rugosae. https://chineseherbaldictionary.com/mei-gui-hua-chinese-rose-flos-rosae-rugosae/